The first female scientist to win a Nobel Prize in Physics was Marie Curie. She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903, alongside her husband Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel, for their work on radioactivity, a term she coined. Marie Curie made groundbreaking contributions to the understanding of radioactive elements, particularly radium and polonium. Her pioneering research laid the foundation for advances in both physics and medicine. Later, she also won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911, making her the first person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields.