The historical figure known as the Sun King in French history is Louis XIV. He ruled as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715 and is best known for his long reign and the establishment of an absolute monarchy. Louis XIV's reign is marked by significant cultural, political, and military achievements, and he sought to centralize power in the monarchy. His extravagant court at the Palace of Versailles became a symbol of the opulence and artistry associated with his rule. The nickname "Sun King" reflects his belief that he was the center of the universe, much like the Sun illuminates the Earth.