Sir Isaac Newton is the famous scientist who proposed three laws of motion. Published in his influential work "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" in 1687, these laws describe the relationship between an object’s motion and the forces acting upon it. The first law, often referred to as the law of inertia, states that an object at rest remains at rest unless acted upon by an external force. The second law establishes a relationship between force, mass, and acceleration, while the third law explains that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. These laws form the foundation of classical mechanics.