The famous scientist known for his laws of motion is Sir Isaac Newton. He was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, and author who lived during the 17th century. Newton is best known for formulating the three laws of motion that describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting on it. His work laid the foundation for classical mechanics and significantly influenced the fields of physics and mathematics. Additionally, Newton made groundbreaking contributions to calculus and optics. His landmark publication, "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica," established principles that are still taught in science today.