Marie Curie is the famous female scientist known for her groundbreaking work on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and remains the only person to have won Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields: Physics in 1903, shared with her husband Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel, and Chemistry in 1911 for her discovery of the elements polonium and radium. Curie's research significantly advanced the understanding of radioactivity, making substantial contributions to medical treatments and scientific knowledge. Her legacy continues to inspire generations of scientists, particularly women in the field.