Sigmund Freud is recognized as the founder of psychoanalysis. He developed this revolutionary therapeutic approach in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Freud introduced concepts such as the unconscious mind, defense mechanisms, and the significance of childhood experiences in shaping personality. His theories, particularly those regarding dreams and sexuality, were often controversial and sparked significant debate. Despite criticism, Freud's work laid the foundation for modern psychology and has had a profound influence on various fields, including literature, art, and cultural studies.