Sir Isaac Newton is known for his laws of motion, which laid the foundation for classical mechanics. Published in his work "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica" in 1687, Newton articulated three fundamental laws that describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting upon it. The first law, often referred to as the law of inertia, states that an object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion continues in motion unless acted upon by an external force. The second law defines the concept of force as the product of mass and acceleration, while the third law asserts that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.