Gregor Mendel is known for developing the laws of heredity. Through his experiments with pea plants in the mid-19th century, he discovered the fundamental principles of genetic inheritance, including concepts such as dominance, segregation, and independent assortment. Mendel’s work laid the foundation for the field of genetics, although it went unrecognized during his lifetime. His meticulous observations and mathematical analysis of traits in pea plants have led to a deeper understanding of how characteristics are transmitted from one generation to the next, influencing modern genetics significantly.