The title "Father of Geography" is often attributed to the ancient Greek scholar Eratosthenes. He was a mathematician, astronomer, and geographer who lived from approximately 276 to 194 BCE. Eratosthenes is best known for his work in calculating the Earth's circumference with remarkable accuracy using the angles of shadows cast by the sun in different locations. He also created one of the earliest maps of the known world, incorporating information from previous geographers. His contributions laid the groundwork for future geographic studies and emphasized the importance of empirical observation in understanding the Earth's features.