The scientist who proposed the laws of motion is Sir Isaac Newton. He formulated three fundamental laws, known as Newton's Laws of Motion, which describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it. The first law states that an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion continues in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force. The second law quantifies this relationship, establishing that force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma). The third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Newton's work laid the foundation for classical mechanics and revolutionized understanding of physical phenomena.