The scientist known for his laws of motion is Sir Isaac Newton. In the 17th century, he formulated three fundamental laws that describe the relationship between the motion of objects and the forces acting upon them. Newton's First Law states that an object in motion remains in motion unless acted upon by an external force. The Second Law quantifies this relationship, establishing that force equals mass times acceleration (F=ma). His Third Law expresses that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Newton's contributions laid the foundation for classical mechanics and significantly advanced scientific thought.