The part of the eye responsible for color vision is called the retina, specifically the cone cells located within it. The retina contains two types of photoreceptor cells—rods and cones. While rods are sensitive to light and provide vision in low-light conditions, cones are responsible for detecting color. There are three types of cone cells, each sensitive to different wavelengths of light corresponding to red, green, and blue. The brain processes signals from these cones to create the perception of color, allowing us to see the vibrant world around us.