The modern country that was home to the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia is primarily Iraq. Mesopotamia, often referred to as "the cradle of civilization," is situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, a region that nurtured some of the world's earliest urban societies. The Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, and Assyrians were among the prominent civilizations that flourished in this area, contributing major advancements in writing, law, and architecture. Archaeological discoveries in Iraq continue to reveal insights into this rich historical legacy, underscoring Mesopotamia's pivotal role in human civilization's development.