The primary component of limestone is the mineral calcite, which is a crystalline form of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃). Limestone is formed through various geological processes, including the accumulation of marine organisms, chemical precipitation, and sedimentation. It is widely used in construction, agriculture, and various industrial processes. Its composition and properties make it ideal for making cement, glass, and lime, as well as for being a key ingredient in carbon capture technologies aimed at reducing atmospheric CO₂ levels.