The famous scientist known for formulating the laws of motion and gravity is Sir Isaac Newton. He made groundbreaking contributions to physics and mathematics during the 17th century, most notably through his work "Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica," published in 1687. Newton's three laws of motion, which describe the relationship between a body and the forces acting upon it, laid the foundation for classical mechanics. Additionally, his universal law of gravitation explained how objects attract each other based on their masses. Newton's work has profoundly influenced science and our understanding of the physical universe.