The famous physicist who developed the theory of relativity is Albert Einstein. His work fundamentally changed the understanding of space, time, and gravity. The most significant components of his theory are the Special Theory of Relativity, published in 1905, and the General Theory of Relativity, published in 1915. These theories revolutionized the field of physics by introducing concepts such as the equivalence of mass and energy, encapsulated in the famous equation E=mc². Einstein's insights laid the groundwork for modern astrophysics and cosmology, influencing both theoretical and experimental physics profoundly and leading to advancements in our understanding of the universe.