The famous novel featuring a character named Holden Caulfield is "The Catcher in the Rye," written by J.D. Salinger. Published in 1951, the novel is narrated by Holden, a disenchanted teenager who grapples with themes of identity, alienation, and the complexities of growing up. The story follows Holden's experiences in New York City after being expelled from his prep school, as he seeks meaning and connection in a world he perceives as phony. The novel has resonated with countless readers, establishing Holden Caulfield as an enduring symbol of adolescent angst and rebellion, making it a classic in American literature.