The enzyme responsible for breaking down proteins in food is called "protease" or "peptidase." Proteases play a critical role in digestion by catalyzing the hydrolysis of protein bonds, breaking proteins down into smaller peptides and amino acids. This process begins in the stomach, where enzymes such as pepsin are activated by the acidic environment. Further digestion occurs in the small intestine with the help of pancreatic enzymes, like trypsin and chymotrypsin. The resultant amino acids are then absorbed by the intestinal walls and transported into the bloodstream for use by the body. Proteases are essential for proper nutrition and metabolism.