The ancient civilization that built the Machu Picchu complex is the Inca Empire. The Incas were known for their sophisticated architecture, engineering, and agricultural practices. Machu Picchu, located in the Andes mountains of Peru, is believed to have been a royal estate or a religious site. It was constructed in the 15th century and showcases the Incas' remarkable ability to adapt to mountainous terrain. Rediscovered in the early 20th century, it has since become a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a major tourist attraction, symbolizing Incan history and culture.