The ancient civilization that built Machu Picchu is the Inca civilization. Flourishing in the Andean region of South America from the early 15th century until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century, the Incas were known for their impressive engineering, architecture, and agricultural practices. Machu Picchu, often referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas," was established as an alpine estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti. Its stunning stone structures, terraced fields, and sophisticated water management systems highlight the Incas' advanced skills. Today, Machu Picchu is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a major tourist attraction.