The Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, marking the end of a political and ideological era that defined much of the 20th century. The dissolution followed years of economic struggles, political unrest, and nationalist movements within various Soviet republics. As a result, multiple independent nations emerged, transforming the geopolitical landscape of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. This event was significant in the context of the Cold War, it signaled the decline of communist influence and paved the way for various economic and political shifts around the world.