Granite is an igneous rock, formed from the slow crystallization of magma beneath the Earth's surface. It is composed primarily of quartz, feldspar, and mica, which contribute to its speckled appearance and various colors, ranging from white and pink to gray. Granite is known for its durability and resistance to weathering, making it a popular choice for construction and decorative purposes, especially in countertops and monuments. Its formation typically occurs over millions of years, allowing large crystals to develop, resulting in the coarse-grained texture characteristic of granite.