The type of rock formed from cooled lava is igneous rock. When molten rock, or magma, from beneath the Earth's surface reaches the surface and cools, it solidifies into igneous rock. There are two main types: extrusive igneous rocks, which form from lava that cools quickly at the surface, creating fine-grained textures like basalt; and intrusive igneous rocks, which form from magma that cools slowly beneath the surface, resulting in coarse-grained textures like granite. Igneous rocks are integral to the rock cycle and provide insights into the Earth's geological history, composition, and the processes of volcanic activity.