The type of natural disaster that occurs due to the sudden shaking of the ground is known as an earthquake. Earthquakes result from the movement of tectonic plates beneath the Earth's surface, leading to the release of energy in seismic waves. These seismic events can vary widely in intensity, causing damage to structures, loss of life, and even triggering secondary disasters like tsunamis or landslides. Earthquakes are measured using the Richter scale or moment magnitude scale, which assess their strength and impact. Regions along tectonic plate boundaries are particularly vulnerable to these phenomena, necessitating ongoing monitoring and preparedness efforts.