The type of art characterized by geometric shapes and bright colors is known as Cubism. This revolutionary movement, which emerged in the early 20th century, was pioneered by artists like Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. Cubism breaks away from traditional perspectives, instead presenting subjects from multiple viewpoints simultaneously, creating fragmented forms and abstract representations. Bright colors, angular shapes, and complex compositions are hallmarks of this style. Cubism has significantly influenced modern art, paving the way for subsequent movements and encouraging artists to explore new forms of expression and abstraction.