The structure in the human brain that controls balance is the cerebellum. Located at the back of the brain, the cerebellum plays a vital role in coordinating voluntary movements, maintaining posture, and balancing. It receives input from the sensory systems, spinal cord, and other parts of the brain to fine-tune movements and ensure that they are smooth and precise. Any dysfunction in the cerebellum can lead to issues with coordination, balance, and even speech. Thus, it is essential for performing everyday activities that require physical stability and motor control.