The structure that connects the brain to the spinal cord is known as the brainstem. The brainstem integrates and regulates vital functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. It is composed of three main parts: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. Additionally, the brainstem serves as a critical pathway for sensory information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a significant role in maintaining consciousness and regulating alertness. Damage to the brainstem can have severe consequences, affecting essential bodily functions and overall neurological health.