The precious stone known as the "King of Gems" is the Ruby. Renowned for its vibrant red color, which derives from the presence of chromium, rubies are highly valued in jewelry and ornamental pieces. Their rarity, combined with their hardness—second only to diamonds—makes them a sought-after gem. Historically, rubies have been associated with royalty and are often considered symbols of love, passion, and power. They are also believed to possess protective qualities and bring good fortune to their wearers. In gemology, the quality of a ruby is determined by its color, clarity, cut, and carat weight.