The theory of evolution describes the process through which species change over time through variation and natural selection. Proposed by Charles Darwin, it explains how organisms adapt to their environments, leading to the survival of the fittest and the emergence of new species. It emphasizes the connection between all living things and how genetic mutations and environmental pressures influence development. This phenomenon highlights the importance of biodiversity and the interconnectedness of life forms, showcasing how adaptation helps species survive and thrive through successive generations.