The natural phenomenon that causes the Northern Lights, or Aurora Borealis, is primarily linked to solar wind and the Earth's magnetic field. These stunning displays of colored lights are created when charged particles from the sun collide with gases in the Earth's atmosphere, particularly oxygen and nitrogen. This interaction occurs in the polar regions, where the Earth's magnetic field funnels these particles toward the poles. The result is the mesmerizing light displays seen in the night sky, often characterized by vibrant greens, pinks, and purples, making it a spectacular natural occurrence.