The musical instrument characterized by its black and white keys is the piano. This versatile instrument has played a significant role in various music genres, from classical to jazz and pop. The design allows for a wide range of notes to be played, enabling musicians to create diverse sounds and harmonies. The piano's keyboard layout is based on a repeating pattern of 12 notes, which helps musicians understand music theory and composition. Its dynamic range and expressive capabilities make the piano a favored choice for composers and performers alike.