Calcium is the mineral essential for strong bones and teeth. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of bones and is vital for various bodily functions, including muscle contraction and nerve transmission. The body requires adequate calcium intake throughout life, particularly during childhood, adolescence, and older adulthood when bone density changes occur. Dairy products, leafy greens, nuts, and fortified foods are good sources of calcium, emphasizing the importance of a balanced diet in promoting bone health and preventing conditions such as osteoporosis.