The process of slow decay of organic matter is called decomposition. Decomposition is a natural process in which microorganisms, fungi, and detritivores break down dead plants and animals into simpler organic and inorganic materials. This process is crucial for nutrient cycling in ecosystems, as it helps recycle essential nutrients back into the soil, promoting plant growth. Factors such as temperature, moisture, and the type of organic matter influence the rate of decomposition. Aerobic decomposition occurs in the presence of oxygen, while anaerobic decomposition happens in oxygen-poor environments, leading to different byproducts such as methane.