The term used for the study of weather patterns is "meteorology." Meteorology encompasses the observation and analysis of atmospheric conditions, including temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind, and pressure, to forecast weather and understand climate systems. Meteorologists utilize various tools such as radar, satellites, and weather models to gather data and make predictions about short-term weather events and long-term climatic trends. This field plays a critical role in industries like agriculture, aviation, and disaster management, as accurate weather forecasting helps mitigate the impact of extreme weather on human activities and safety.