The term used for the study of the Earth's physical structure is "geology." Geology encompasses the examination of the Earth's solid materials, including rocks and minerals, as well as the processes that shape the planet over time. Geologists investigate the formation, history, and structure of the Earth, including phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, and plate tectonics. The study also extends to understanding the Earth's resources, such as fossil fuels and minerals, and how they interact with the environment. Ultimately, geology helps us grasp the dynamic nature of our planet and its geological history.