The term for the science of classifying living organisms is taxonomy. Taxonomy involves the identification, naming, and categorization of organisms based on shared characteristics and genetic relationships. Developed by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century, this system uses hierarchical ranks such as domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Taxonomists employ various techniques, including morphological studies, genetic analysis, and ecological observations, to classify organisms effectively. This classification is crucial for understanding biodiversity, studying evolutionary relationships, and facilitating communication among scientists about different species and their interactions within ecosystems.