The term for the rotation of the Earth around its axis is called "rotation." This axial rotation occurs approximately every 24 hours and is responsible for the cycle of day and night. As the Earth rotates, different areas are exposed to sunlight, leading to daytime, while others are in shadow, resulting in nighttime. The rotation occurs from west to east, which is why the sun appears to rise in the east and set in the west. This movement not only influences daily life but also affects weather patterns and ocean currents.