The term for the process through which rocks are formed is "rock cycle." This geological process encompasses the formation, breakdown, and reformation of rocks through various mechanisms such as crystallization, erosion, sedimentation, and metamorphism. Rocks are classified into three main types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic, each formed under different conditions. For example, igneous rocks form from cooled magma, sedimentary rocks accumulate through sediment compaction, and metamorphic rocks arise from the alteration of existing rocks under heat and pressure. Understanding the rock cycle is essential for studying Earth's processes and history.