The term for the part of the ocean that is closest to the coastline is the "neritic zone." This marine zone extends from the intertidal area (the area between high and low tide) to the edge of the continental shelf. The neritic zone is characterized by shallow waters, abundant sunlight, and significant biodiversity, making it rich in marine life. It supports various ecosystems, including coral reefs and seagrass beds, and is essential for fisheries due to the high productivity of its waters. Human activities, such as coastal development and fishing, significantly impact this crucial marine environment.