The term for a scientist who studies earthquakes is a **seismologist**. Seismologists analyze seismic waves produced by earthquakes to understand their causes and effects. Utilizing sophisticated instruments like seismometers, they gather data on the Earth's movements and study fault lines to assess seismic activity. Their work is vital in predicting and mitigating the impact of earthquakes, which can cause significant damage to infrastructure and loss of life. Beyond earthquake research, seismologists may also investigate volcanic activities and other geological phenomena, playing a critical role in understanding our planet's dynamic processes and improving safety measures in vulnerable areas.