The term for a person who studies ancient artifacts is an archaeologist. Archaeologists investigate past human activity through the excavation and analysis of material remains, such as tools, pottery, and structures. They often work on archaeological digs, where they carefully uncover layers of soil to find artifacts that provide insights into historical societies, cultures, and ways of life. By analyzing these findings, archaeologists can reconstruct aspects of human history and contribute to our understanding of how civilizations have evolved over time. Their work is crucial for preserving cultural heritage and educating the public about historical contexts.