The study of ancient societies is called archaeology. Archaeologists investigate past human activities by examining physical remains left behind in a variety of contexts, such as artifacts, structures, and landscapes. This scientific discipline helps us understand how ancient cultures lived, interacted, and evolved over time. Archaeologists use various methods, including excavation and analysis of materials, to piece together the daily lives, social structures, and belief systems of these societies. The insights gained from archaeology contribute significantly to our understanding of human history and the development of civilizations across the globe.