The square root of 144 is 12. In mathematics, the square root of a number is a value that, when multiplied by itself, gives the original number. For instance, since 12 × 12 equals 144, 12 is considered the principal square root of 144. Square roots are foundational concepts in various branches of mathematics, including algebra and geometry, and are often used in solving equations and understanding geometric shapes. Knowing the square roots of perfect squares is essential for mathematical proficiency, as they appear frequently in problem-solving scenarios and real-life applications.