The scientific term for the process of lightning is electrical discharge. Lightning occurs when a buildup of electrical charges in clouds creates a high-energy discharge, resulting in a bright flash of light and rapid expansion of air that produces thunder. This phenomenon can occur within a cloud, between clouds, or between a cloud and the ground. Understanding the mechanisms behind lightning helps scientists develop better forecasting models and safety measures. The immense heat generated during lightning can also spark wildfires and cause damage to structures.