The scientific term for the process of cell division is "mitosis." During mitosis, a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the original cell. Mitosis is essential for growth, development, and repair in multicellular organisms. The process consists of several stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. After mitosis, a second process, cytokinesis, occurs, which involves the division of the cytoplasm, leading to the complete separation of the two new cells. Mitosis is a critical mechanism in biology, allowing for cellular reproduction and maintenance of genetic integrity.