The profession of someone who studies rocks and minerals is called a geologist. Geologists examine the Earth's materials, including its rocks, minerals, and the processes that shape the planet over time. They may focus on various fields, such as mineralogy (the study of minerals), petrology (the study of rocks), or paleontology (the study of fossils). Their work can contribute to natural resource exploration, environmental protection, and understanding geological hazards. Geologists often perform fieldwork, collect samples, and utilize analytical techniques to better understand the Earth's composition and history.