Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy, using sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O) to create glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2). This process primarily occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll, the green pigment, absorbs sunlight. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide combines with water in the presence of light to produce glucose, which serves as food for the plant, while oxygen is released as a byproduct. This process is vital for life on Earth, as it provides the energy foundation for most ecosystems.