The process called when cells divide is "mitosis" for somatic cells and "meiosis" for gametes (reproductive cells). Mitosis is a form of cell division that results in two daughter cells, each identical to the parent cell. This process is essential for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms. Meiosis, on the other hand, involves two rounds of division and produces four non-identical gametes with half the original chromosome number, crucial for sexual reproduction. Both processes ensure genetic continuity and variation in living organisms.