The process by which soil is formed over time is called soil formation or pedogenesis. This intricate process involves the weathering of rocks and organic matter, influenced by various factors such as climate, topography, organisms, and time. Initially, bedrock breaks down into smaller particles through physical, chemical, and biological processes. Over time, organic materials from decaying plants and animals, along with minerals, accumulate, creating layers of soil. Soil formation is crucial for ecosystems as it supports plant life, which in turn sustains various organisms. The diversity and fertility of soil can significantly impact agriculture and environmental health.