The process by which green plants convert sunlight into energy is known as photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose, a type of sugar that serves as energy for growth and development. The reaction primarily occurs in the chloroplasts, utilizing the green pigment chlorophyll to capture light energy. The overall equation for photosynthesis can be summarized as: 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂. This process is essential for life on Earth, as it produces oxygen and serves as the foundation of the food chain.